China's new energy power development scale leads the world, but the new energy consumption has become a "difficult problem." The National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration have issued a series of documents, proposing to basically solve the problem of new energy consumption by 2020. The blueprint has been drawn, and the next step is to consider how to "make a blueprint to the end." There are many factors restricting the development of new energy, and the reasons for the impact of consumption are complicated. The research team believes that the core lies in the inconsistent or even conflicting goals of the relevant main bodies of new energy, which leads to the failure to achieve the desired goal of new energy development and the difficulty of undertaking national energy transformation. The burden.

According to the overall goal of national energy transformation, changing the target orientation and restraint mechanism of relevant entities including local governments, new energy investment enterprises, power grid enterprises and national competent authorities to make them compatible with each other will help to break down many obstacles to the development of new energy. In particular, it will eliminate bottlenecks, ensure the continued stable and healthy development of the new energy industry, and revitalize the national energy transformation.

First, the "three abandoned" problem is still serious

By the end of 2018, China's new energy power generation installed capacity exceeded 700 million kilowatts, accounting for about 30% of the world. Among them, hydropower, wind power and photovoltaic installed capacity reached 350 million, 180 million and 170 million kilowatts respectively, ranking first in the world. Overall, China's non-fossil energy power generation accounted for 40% of the total, generating nearly 30% of power generation.

With the development of new energy sources, the wind is screaming, the wind turbines have stopped running; the sun is shining, and the solar photovoltaic panels are "sunbathing" in the air. In recent years, while accelerating the development and utilization of new energy, hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic power generation have problems such as difficulty in connecting to the grid, difficulty in sending out, and difficulty in consumption.

The data shows that in 2018, the annual abandonment of water is about 69.1 billion kWh, the abandoned wind power is 27.7 billion kWh, and the abandoned photoelectric output is 5.49 billion kWh. The “three abandoned” electricity totals about 102.3 billion kWh, which exceeds the power generation of the Three Gorges Power Station during the same period. the amount. Although the phenomenon of “three abandonment” has been alleviated since 2019, the problems still exist to varying degrees, and the situation in some areas is still grim.

In response to the issue of new energy consumption that is closely watched by all sectors of the society, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration have made the promotion of high-quality development of new energy and effective solutions to the problem of consumption, and formulated the Implementation Plan for Solving the Problem of Abandoning Water, Abandoning Wind and Abandoning Light. Change Energy [2017] No. 1942), "Clean Energy Absorption Action Plan (2018-2020)" (Development and Reform Energy Regulations [2018] No. 1575), and propose to basically solve the problem of clean energy consumption by 2020. The goal is clear, but the task is difficult. If the relevant targets of the new energy are directed against each other and conflict with each other, the constraint mechanism will further solidify the conflict of objectives, communicate and balance through administrative means, and ultimately the symptoms will not be cured, and the problem will always exist. , may come back at any time.

Second, the goal orientation conflicts

Behind the “three abandonment” phenomenon, the slowdown in China's power demand growth is an important external factor. At the same time, various internal factors are intertwined. In addition to technical factors, it also includes new and old energy games, unbalanced source and network planning, and market. The lack of trading mechanisms, the implementation of relevant laws and regulations are not in place, but the roots are that the relevant subject orientations conflict.

(1) Problems of local governments

Local government's goal orientation: maximize GDP and maximize fiscal revenue. To this end, local governments play against each other. First, they hope to attract more investment. They will “strive for” the new energy targets allocated by the state, attract new energy manufacturing industries with indicators, and form an industrial chain. Second, the provinces that send electricity to the city hope to have more The power supply is increased, and the local electricity fee income is increased. In order to increase GDP, the receiving provinces try to increase the power supply of the province; and under the premise of basically meeting the power demand, the foreign power is relatively excluded. In addition, local governments hope to obtain lower electricity prices to enhance local economic competitiveness.

Local government constraints: new energy investment scale indicators, new energy power consumption new capacity (which depends heavily on grid enterprise planning and investment), natural resource conditions, related laws and regulations, such as the Electricity Law Strictly prohibited "sales of the wall" and so on.

The local government's solution: to make good relations with local power grid enterprises, release the interests within the local government authority, in exchange for grid companies to increase investment in the local power grid, increase capacity, and increase the proportion of new energy consumption.

Local government game results: In regions with large power load and relatively close relationship with local power grid enterprises, new energy consumption is generally better, and vice versa.

(2) Problems of new energy enterprises

The goal of new energy companies: to maximize investment returns. It is hoped that all the newly invested energy sources will be connected to the grid, and the electricity revenue and related subsidies will be settled in time; I hope to get more investment projects.

Constraints of new energy companies: grid-connected consumption, subsidy applications, and increase in non-foreseeable expenses.

Solutions for new energy companies: Solve the problem with local power grids to solve the problem of consumption; good relations with local governments not only strive for project resources, but also prevent unforeseen expenses from rising sharply.

The game results of new energy companies: Enterprises with better relationships can get more project resources, and the situation can be better; strong enterprises can exchange manufacturing resources for project resources; on the contrary, they will gradually withdraw from competition and market.

(3) Problems of power grid enterprises

The goal of grid companies is to increase revenue and achieve sustainable growth. Therefore, in the case of fixed sales price, it is hoped to sell more electricity; in the case of fixed purchase price, it is hoped to collect more cheap electricity; in the case of direct transaction of electricity supply and demand, due to the actual cost accounting The pricing policy of fees is oriented, grid companies tend to do high transmission and distribution costs, and the high cost of transmission and distribution can be transferred to the high income of the upstream manufacturing industry of grid enterprises; try to extend upstream supply, construction, inspection and testing, comprehensive energy and financial services, etc. Power suppliers and power consumers rely on the exclusiveness of the power grid to increase the revenue of extended services; issuing access licenses becomes a scarce resource owned by local power grids, which can breed a large number of rent-seeking opportunities; “spontaneous use” and “wall sales” jump out The income channels of power grid enterprises are in conflict with the goal orientation of power grid enterprises.

Constraints of power grid enterprises: Whether the investment plans of power grid enterprises can be approved by the competent national authorities, whether the investment plan for local power grids can obtain approval from the head office, government accounting for grid transmission and distribution costs, and laws and regulations that encourage the country to adopt grid-connected consumption. And policies, public opinion, etc.

Solution for grid companies: increase investment plans and get approval from national authorities as soon as possible; local grids apply for more investment to increase capacity and exchange with local governments for more long-term benefits.

The result of the game of the grid enterprises: the exclusiveness of the grid is more dominant in the game, such as local land use, financial support, employee welfare, industry and service extension, etc., all types of enterprises in the power grid system can occupy a dominant position in the market competition.

(4) Problems of the competent national authorities

The goal of the national authorities is to formulate plans to achieve energy transformation, increase the proportion of new energy consumption, and achieve sustainable and stable growth of the new energy industry.

Constraints of national authorities: the strength of local governments to implement indicators, the approval and implementation of grid investment plans, the enthusiasm of local grids, the new installed capacity of traditional power, the squeeze on new energy, the budget that can be used for subsidies, The scope of authority and use of the competent authority, etc.

The solution of the competent national authorities: the indicators are pushed to the local governments, and the local governments decompose and coordinate to fight for; promote various reform measures, introduce various industry regulations and management methods; coordinate with relevant ministries and commissions to introduce favorable policies; Higher levels of understanding and support to promote the development of new energy businesses.

The results of the game of the competent national authorities: Difficulties in grid-connected consumption, difficult years; insufficient subsidies, increasing amounts of arrears; more and more methods of introduction, the effects are good and bad, good times and bad times.

If further subdivided, there will be differences and even conflicts between local governments and local authorities, between grid companies and grid companies, and between national and national authorities; The constraints are mutually restrained, and the game power is not balanced. The result of the game must be that the country's energy transformation is difficult, and the elimination of the grid is always a problem. The subsidy problem has been difficult to solve for a long time, and the development of the new energy industry has been ups and downs.

Third, re-planning the target path

Relevant government departments have been trying to solve various problems in the development of new energy, and have adopted various means such as administrative means, planning means and policy means. However, all parties concerned will always have policies in pursuing the goal-oriented maximization process. There are countermeasures under it, so that the implementation results deviate from the national planning goals.

A better way to solve the problem is to reorganize the target orientation and constraints of the parties, change the goal orientation, and roughly unify the overall goal of the country; adjust the constraints, stipulate relevant party rights and responsibilities, and establish a reward and punishment mechanism to facilitate the solution. Bottlenecks and national planning goals.

(1) The rationality of local government objectives

It is understandable that local governments develop their economies and enhance their industrial competitiveness. It is also reasonable to strive for project resources to increase investment within the jurisdiction and drive development, employment and taxation.

The non-integrity behavior of local governments has occurred in the new energy industry. Once the investment of the company falls, it may become "Tang Tang Meat." Some local governments will require additional local taxes, land fees, various assessments, additional infrastructure investment, mandatory or even designated local supply and construction, and staffing arrangements. In order to survive, most enterprises in the jurisdiction have long-term suffocation and dare not offend the "head snake", and a few have to give up their assets and return to their feathers.

It is recommended that the patrol and audit department visit more local new energy enterprises, especially private enterprises, to find problems from the difficult enterprises in development, whether there is a local office official “to eat cards to lie”, whether there are additional apportionment and additional expenses, whether there is any Officials abuse power.

(2) Rational demands of new energy companies

New energy enterprises, whether state-owned or private, should pursue the maximization of investment income, sustainable development and enlargement on a legal basis.

New energy companies are at a disadvantage in the game of all parties. Whether it is for national policies and competent authorities, or for local governments at all levels, or with grid companies, the inferior parties do not have much to deal with. If it is not a bankruptcy, it will not make a strong resistance, and at most a few banners to attract the attention of the top or the media.

In the new energy industry, there have also been a series of illegal violations in the near future, such as pyramid schemes, fraud, illegal fund-raising, shoddy, shoddy, and violation of the ecological red line, but these are not the mainstream enterprises. A healthy industrial ecology requires strict enforcement by law enforcement agencies.

(3) Change in the goal orientation of power grid enterprises

In August 2015, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the “Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Reform of State-Owned Enterprises” (hereinafter referred to as the “Guidelines for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China”), which is a programmatic document guiding and promoting the reform of state-owned enterprises in China in the new era. The document clearly states that state-owned enterprises should be divided into commercial and public welfare categories according to the strategic positioning and development goals of state-owned capital, combined with the role, current situation and development needs of different state-owned enterprises in economic and social development. By defining functions and classifying categories, we will implement classification reform, classification development, classification supervision, classification and responsibility, and classification assessment to improve the pertinence of reform, the effectiveness of supervision, and the scientific nature of assessment and evaluation, and promote the deep integration of state-owned enterprises with the market economy. Promote the organic unity of economic and social benefits of state-owned enterprises.

In line with the basic attributes of power grid enterprises' monopoly and public welfare, it is necessary to clarify the positioning of power grid enterprises and designate them as public welfare enterprises. Public welfare state-owned enterprises aim to protect people's livelihood, serve the society, and provide public goods and services, and introduce market mechanisms to improve the efficiency and ability of public services. Such enterprises can adopt the form of state-owned sole proprietorship, and those who have the conditions can also diversify the investment subject. For public welfare state-owned enterprises, focus on cost control, product service quality, operational efficiency and support capabilities, and social evaluation should be introduced in the assessment.

Adjustment of target orientation of power grid enterprises: According to the “Guidance Document” of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the requirements of the national energy transformation strategy, the goals of grid enterprises should not be guided by business income, but should be adjusted to: reduce transmission and distribution costs, improve operational efficiency and safety, and increase New energy consumption quotas and proportions (including grid connection, “spontaneous use” and “sold wall sales”), and improved service levels and quality.

Constraints after target adjustment: year-on-year decline in transmission and distribution costs, grid security and operational efficiency, annual increase in new energy consumption quotas and ratios, and emergency response capabilities.

Solutions for grid companies: internal focus on cost reduction and efficiency, management strives for excellence; actively promote and popularize high-efficiency new energy grid-connected technology; low-cost “spontaneous use” and “wall sales” will be prepared Encourage; actively improve the quality of service, so as not to be punished by reporting; procurement supply will pursue more economical and more economical, but less likely to cost-effective internal procurement; tend to separate the main and auxiliary, willing to divest inefficient auxiliary assets and enterprises.

Because the investment will be included in the future cost amortization, the impulse to increase investment under the existing target will be suppressed, and the investment demand of the grid enterprise will be more economical, efficient and rational.

The game results of future grid enterprises: grid efficiency and service improvement, rent-seeking and interest exchange reduction, and significant improvement in new energy consumption.

(4) Path adjustment for national indicators

The national goal of new energy development is based on a number of recurrent discussions on the basis of the country's overall energy development and energy transformation strategy. In order to achieve the goal, the competent national authorities need to formulate specific policies, measures and measures to solve related problems.

The competent national authorities are led by the relevant departments of the National Energy Administration. The relevant departments and bureaus of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Natural Resources, and the Ministry of Environment and Ecology all have corresponding powers and responsibilities. The target orientation of the departments under the ministries and commissions is of course different, but the powers and responsibilities related to the new energy industry are clear. The core issue is that the development of the industry is frustrated, and the relevant authorities are responsible and responsible.

It is recommended that the patrol audit department pay attention to corruption and financial related issues, follow the principle of “not forgetting the original heart and keeping in mind the mission”, and discover the drawbacks of policy mistakes, improper use rights, poor implementation, etc., and deal with Yongzheng.

Under the existing goals and constraints, the national authorities are accustomed to pushing the task to the local government, and the local government has no grasp, and can only be decomposed at different levels, and coordinated by the lower level government.

Regarding the issue of new energy consumption, regardless of whether the grid enterprises' target orientation and constraints are adjusted, it is recommended that the national competent authority directly release the five-year and annual indicators of the new energy consumption quota and proportion to the grid enterprises, and the grid enterprises according to the local grids. The layout and forecast of power supply and load, the optimal design of a game of chess in the country, planning future investment and upgrade, and publicizing the various regions (or even refining to each district) in advance to the new energy grids and consumption credits that can be added in the next year. .

For example, if the country plans to absorb 600 GW of installed wind power and photovoltaics in the next five years in 2020, according to the annual plans of 100 GW, 110 GW, 120 GW, 130 GW, and 140 GW, these indicators will be directly arranged to the grid enterprises. Overall planning, in the fourth quarter of last year, announced the capacity of new energy grid-connected and consumed in each district within the next year. Considering various factors of new energy investment, requiring electricity