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The industry pointed out that the construction of hydrogen energy city clusters is not suitable for spreading across the country. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid reporting with a certain city as a unit, otherwise each city will form a small and complete industrial chain, which will lead to low-level redundant construction and vicious competition.
"To achieve carbon neutrality, we must vigorously develop hydrogen energy." Academician Yi Baolian of the Chinese Academy of Engineering pointed out in an interview with reporters recently. In recent years, favorable policies for hydrogen energy development have continued. According to incomplete statistics, in the first half of this year, the central and local governments at all levels issued 37 hydrogen economic support policies, and Shandong alone issued 6 related supporting policies. The industry generally believes that the proposed carbon neutral target will provide more room for hydrogen energy development.Earlier, the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Development and Reform Commission, and National Energy Administration jointly issued the "Notice on Carrying out Fuel Cell Vehicle Demonstration Applications" (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice") that clearly stated that during the four-year demonstration period In the internal, the “reward for supplement” method is adopted to support qualified urban agglomerations to carry out key core technology industrialization research and demonstration applications of fuel cell vehicles, and officially kick off the construction of hydrogen fuel cell demonstration city clusters. Under the goal of carbon neutrality, what role will the construction of hydrogen city clusters play?
Carbon neutralization presses the fast forward button for the development of hydrogen energy
According to statistics released by the hydrogen cloud chain, from January to July 2020, the total nominal investment in China's hydrogen energy industry will exceed 130 billion yuan; so far, China has promoted more than 7,000 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and built more than 70 hydrogen refueling stations. . In this regard, Jiao Jingping, technical director of Beijing Energy Research Management Consulting Co., Ltd., pointed out: “With the support of policies, hydrogen fuel cells have developed rapidly, and their main applications are concentrated in public transportation, and they are less used in industry and heating. Carbon neutral goals The proposal provides more development opportunities for hydrogen energy."
In the view of Jing Chunmei, deputy director of the Information Department of the China International Economic Exchange Center, while the goal of carbon neutrality enhances the importance of hydrogen energy in the energy system, it also sets new requirements for the development of hydrogen energy: "Where does hydrogen come from? Hydrogen energy needs to be considered first. Under the goal of carbon neutrality, green hydrogen should become the dominant direction. This means that the source of hydrogen production should use clean energy as much as possible. If hydrogen is produced from fossil energy, carbon emissions should be considered."
"Achieving carbon neutrality by 2060 means that energy must gradually transition to renewable energy, accelerate the development of renewable energy, and gradually reduce the cost of renewable energy." Yi Baolian believes that in order to reduce the pressure on the grid and improve the stability of the grid, Should vigorously develop hydrogen energy storage, that is, hydrogen production by electrolysis of water.
Yi Baolian pointed out that the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen from renewable energy can eliminate the ceiling for the development of renewable energy. "Sending the hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water in the southwest, northwest and northeast into the natural gas pipeline network can reduce natural gas imports and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. In the inland areas where hydrogen is needed, the natural gas in the pipeline network can be used to produce hydrogen for fuel cells. Vehicles provide a cheap source of hydrogen; in the future, carbon dioxide generated by consuming fossil fuels can also be converted into usable fuels (such as methanol) or raw materials (such as olefins) from the hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of renewable energy.” He emphasized that on the one hand, the need to reduce electrolysis The cost of key materials and components such as tanks can be mass-produced, thereby reducing the cost of hydrogen production from electrolyzed water; on the other hand, the hydrogen cost of hydrogen production from electrolyzed water should be brought close to the import price of natural gas as soon as possible. At the same time, it is necessary to develop safe, reliable, and inexpensive hydrogen sensors, and add hydrogen sensors to possible hydrogen leaks, and link them with fans to control the hydrogen concentration below five thousandths.
Interaction of urban agglomerations to reduce costs
“It is difficult for a city to exhaust all links in the industrial chain and achieve the optimal allocation of resources, which also promotes the construction of hydrogen energy city clusters on the agenda.” Jing Chunmei pointed out that the construction of hydrogen energy city clusters will help hydrogen energy in a larger space Form a complete industrial chain and industrial cycle, and play a better role in promoting the replacement of terminal energy.
Jiao Jingping also told reporters: "The construction of hydrogen energy city clusters is very necessary. On the one hand, industrial clusters can be realized, and the upstream, middle and downstream hydrogen energy industrial chains of different cities can complement each other and form linkage; on the other hand, it can increase the application scenarios and application scope and reduce the foundation. Unit cost of facility construction investment."
It is worth noting that the construction of hydrogen energy city clusters is not suitable for spreading across the country. Jiao Jingping believes that the provinces and cities in the east that have economic support and people with the ability to consume are really suitable areas for demonstration and pilot projects. Jing Chunmei also said that one city should be avoided as a unit to declare, otherwise each city will form a small and complete industrial chain, and the whole country will form a number of small but all small and weak industrial chains, resulting in low-level duplication. Construction and vicious competition.
Jing Chunmei pointed out that these urban agglomerations should be able to basically form a complete industrial chain, and at the same time form a complementary in the industrial chain. In addition, Jiao Jingping also believes that as a hydrogen energy demonstration city cluster, the conditions that should be met include: “sufficient economic support capacity, financial subsidies and policy support for the industrial chain; relatively cheap hydrogen production capacity in the region, and Form a certain scale; at the same time, the distance between urban centers should be relatively close, and infrastructure investment costs and logistics costs should be relatively low; the population should also be relatively dense, especially the potential consumer population should be large; in addition, it should have strong research strength The enterprises, scientific research institutes and institutions of higher learning in China can provide supporting talent sources for upstream, midstream and downstream."
Avoid rushing to promote terminal applications
After the "Notice" was issued, eligible cities rushed to declare. Take Shandong Province as an example. The province has decided to take the lead in Jinan and team up with Qingdao, Weifang, Zibo, Jining and others to create a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle demonstration city cluster. Industry analysts pointed out that Shandong has a good foundation for developing hydrogen energy city clusters, but the shortcomings are also obvious: the shortage of leading R&D talents and professional teams, the key technology is in the research phase, the high cost of key materials, the weak infrastructure construction, and the city There is a difference in policy linkage between the two countries, and the lack of cluster collaboration effects among hydrogen energy companies...
"The proposal of the carbon neutral target further clarifies the direction of industrial development and puts forward higher requirements for hydrogen production from fossil energy. Shandong Province will face the challenge of how to achieve green and low-carbon development." Jing Chunmei told reporters.
The situation in Shandong Province is not alone. At present, the construction of hydrogen city clusters across the country also faces many problems. Jiao Jingping said bluntly: "Many cities are swarming, and most cities do not have the corresponding conditions. Some cities have hydrogen production capacity, but there is no consumer demand or consumer demand is unsustainable beyond policy support; some cities have no linkage between upstream, middle and downstream industries. , It is difficult to form industrial clusters and give full play to their own advantages; some cities are not strong in attracting talents; some cities are located inland, and the cost of importing materials and equipment logistics after the industry is set to be high."
In addition, Jing Chunmei said that in order to avoid duplication of construction, the "Notice" proposes the development direction of the construction of urban agglomerations, but in the actual operation process, it will face the problem of who will be the "group leader" and how to properly coordinate local governments and Enterprises have yet to be explored. She emphasized that since the core and key technologies have not yet been mastered, many equipment, materials, and parts need to be imported from abroad. Under such circumstances, the large-scale opening of the terminal market will be a devastating blow to domestic innovation capabilities. "We must try our best to avoid the tendency to rush to promote terminal applications. The promotion of the terminal market should match the progress of the autonomy of front-end core technologies. Large-scale promotion can only be carried out under the premise of technological independence and control. Small-scale demonstrations are suitable for technology breakthroughs. , Keep improving, and gradually raise the technical level."
