My country's new energy has implemented two transaction mechanisms: guaranteed acquisition and market-oriented consumption. Many regions have issued plans to guide new energy into the market. How to make new energy better participate in market transactions has once again aroused the industry's thinking. Participating in the market is the only way to go. The key to "breaking the problem" depends on the design of the rules, while giving full play to the green attributes of new energy.

"How to predict the amount of electricity generated by new energy for'seeing the sky'?" "The market is not yet mature, and it is too risky for new energy to participate in medium and long-term transactions" "New energy enters the spot market and does not make money at all"...

"The installed capacity of new energy is increasing rapidly, and only the electricity market can meet the task." "The most important thing is to discuss how new energy can participate in the market, not whether or not to participate in the market."...

The mid-to-long term contracting season is approaching in the new year, and plans issued by many regions show that new energy sources will gradually enter the market, which has sparked heated discussions. In recent years, the development of new energy in a market-oriented way has become the consensus of the industry. The recently held "22nd Meeting of the Central Comprehensive Deepening Reform Committee" also pointed out that it is necessary to promote the participation of new energy in market transactions in an orderly manner. So, how should new energy participate in the market?

From "accept all orders" to market integration

The linkage mechanism needs to be clarified

my country's new energy has implemented two transaction mechanisms: guaranteed purchase and market-based consumption, that is, reasonable use of electricity outside of hours to participate in the power market, and the price is determined by the market. Wu Junhong, deputy director of the Power Distribution Research Center of the China Energy Research Society, said that new energy output "sees the sky for food"-output is intermittent, random and fluctuating. "But the electricity market needs to accurately connect supply and demand, from annual, quarterly, monthly, weekly, day-ahead, and intra-day decomposition to hours. New energy is inherently uncontrollable and is a common problem in domestic and foreign market design."

When new energy enters the market, market entities face the dual challenge of "quantity and price risk". Jiang from a Guangdong electricity sales company pointed out that even if the electricity market is relatively mature, it is difficult to avoid possible "price stamping". For example, California has many photovoltaic installations and large amounts of power generation during the day. Oversupply, prices are naturally low, as low as zero electricity prices or even negative electricity prices. "The output characteristics of new energy make it difficult to compete for high prices. At the same time, the participation of new energy in the market will lower the overall electricity price and increase the difficulty of recovering the fixed costs of traditional power sources."

Zhao Kebin, a staff member of Datang Gansu Company, told reporters: “Not all are risky, and the minimum output can be signed. The key is the following liquidity. Assume that the new energy company and the user have signed a medium and long-term contract at a certain period of time, and agreed on a load of 100,000. , The price is 0.3 yuan/kWh. If there is no deviation in the power generation, the electricity consumption will be settled at 0.3 yuan/kWh. If there is no wind or cloudy day in the agreed time period, and the new energy company does not generate electricity, the spot price at this time is 1 yuan/ KWh, according to the settlement mechanism, new energy companies are equivalent to buying 1 yuan/kWh of high-priced electricity to users on the spot market, and users are settled at the previously signed wholesale price of 0.3 yuan/kWh, which is equivalent to every new energy company. Every kilowatt-hour will have a loss of 0.7 yuan." The situation he said is not a special case. The loss of this part of the money is the price of the discontinuous output of new energy, and this is the case all over the world.

In fact, the enthusiasm of new energy owners to participate in the market is not strong. “Before it was a “hands-off seller” who accepted all orders for the “quantity and price protection”. Now, after participating in the market transaction, not only does it not insure the price, but also gets up early to forecast the electricity. The new energy technology is insufficiently prepared and subjectively resists.” An industry insider admitted frankly. .

my country is actively promoting the participation of new energy in medium and long-term and spot transactions. The specific mechanism and linkage mechanism need to be clarified. Chen Haoyong, director of the Institute of Power Economics and Power Market of South China University of Technology, said that foreign power markets have been practiced for more than 20 years, which may provide relevant reference and reference.

Participating in the market is the only way

The key to "breaking the question" depends on the rule design

There are many difficulties in entering the market, why do we need to promote participation? Wu Junhong said: “The large-scale development and high-efficiency consumption of new energy requires market signal guidance. At the same time, the introduction of new energy into the market can force it to improve its forecasting and quotation capabilities, and promote the balance of power supply and demand. In the new power system, new energy is the main power source. We should get rid of the subsidy'infant' and take on the important task of'big brother'. Participating in the market is the only way to go."

How to overcome common problems, market design is particularly critical. What are the risks associated with unclear mechanisms? Chen Mou, a member of the Electric Power Market Committee of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering, said that even the prediction of tomorrow's new energy output curve is not very accurate, let alone a whole year's forecast. The market must provide enough long, medium and short-term curve contracts and forecast market liquidity, and avoid leaving the curve predicted six months ago in the spot market "naked", such as the above-mentioned case of a loss of 0.7 yuan per kilowatt-hour.

Zhao Kebin said that like the tens of millions of new energy bases in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu, when there is wind and light, everyone will be abundant, and when there is not, everyone will be lacking. There is no way to complement each other and adjust each other. The top priority is to establish and improve new energy participation as soon as possible. Market mechanism.

How to design the market? "The construction of the electricity market should focus on the design of hedging tools, open and transparent supply and demand information, rolling contract transactions, enhancement of liquidity and fairness supervision. Only when market entities obtain sufficient information and risk hedging tools, the market will not become "Casino", then the new energy curve transaction can become a real hedging tool in the medium and long term." Chen said.

Jiang believes that market design should uphold the principle of technology neutrality. "Regardless of new energy or conventional power sources, the electricity consumption curve must be broken down to the hour to connect to the spot. Now the electricity market, especially new energy companies, has a common misunderstanding-"New energy is different from other power sources. The rules must be based on the new energy situation." The rule that new energy is inconvenient has to be changed to something like that'. For the electricity market, the electricity generated by new energy is no different from the electricity generated by conventional units. New energy should not be treated specially in the electricity energy market. Otherwise, It will distort electricity price signals and lead to misallocation of resources. New energy companies should change their business strategies and improve their forecasting capabilities."

"Integration of certificates and electricity" or "separation of certificates and electricity"

Call for attention to the green value of new energy

Zhao Kebin believes that how to fully reflect the value of new energy with "energy value + green value" is essential to building a new power system with new energy as the mainstay.

In September of this year, my country launched a pilot program for green power trading. However, most of the international practice has adopted the separation of certificates and electricity, and this has also led to the dispute between "integration of certificates and electricity" or "separation of certificates and electricity".

Jiang told reporters that new energy and conventional units compete in the electric energy market. The price of the green certificate reflects its environmental protection attributes, and the "green certificate" is the certificate. These are two different contexts. "In other words, the green nature of new energy is a place that should be treated specially in the market. The final electricity price should be composed of two parts, the market electricity price and the green certificate price, which is the so-called'separation of certificates and electricity'. Only in this way can we maximize To maximize the efficiency of the power system and play the green value, the effect of kneading together will be discounted."

Wu Junhong also agrees with this view. If electric energy attributes alone are used, new energy has no advantages, but its environmental protection attributes are very prominent. After the new energy enters the market, if it is to be truly circulated, it is necessary to separate the green attributes of the new energy from the electricity. If the green properties of new energy are not fully utilized, especially photovoltaics, they may face serious losses after entering the market.

An expert, who did not want to be named, told reporters that it is not clear what is meant by "integration of certificates and electricity" and "separation of certificates and electricity." "But no matter what it is called, the electricity price of renewable energy should indicate the specific components of "environmental electricity price + electricity electricity price". This is the shortcoming of the current green electricity trading pilot."